{"intvolume":"        11","_id":"1722","abstract":[{"text":"Granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption, as well as ozonation in combination with biodegradation was investigated in order to remove refractory organics from biologically pre-treated process waters (PW) produced by the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of spent grains and fine mulch. Kinetic tests revealed that the organics in spent grains PW had much lower molecular weights than organics in fine mulch PW. Moreover, isotherms showed that they were more strongly adsorbable. This was confirmed in GAC column experiments, where the breakthrough curves could be predicted fairly well by a dynamic adsorption model. On the other hand, ozonation had a stronger effect on fine mulch PW with respect to an enhancement of the aerobic degradability. Thus, the type of input material determines the properties of soluble reaction products from the carbonization process that must be accounted for when selecting the most suitable post-treatment method for HTC PW. However, adsorption on granular activated carbon should always be the final stage.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":"1","volume":11,"type":"journal_article","status":"public","doi":"10.3390/w11040730","date_created":"2019-07-30T09:44:40Z","year":2019,"date_updated":"2023-03-15T13:49:37Z","department":[{"_id":"DEP3000"},{"_id":"DEP8020"}],"publication":"Water","title":"Options for Removing Refractory Organic Substances in Pre-Treated Process Water from Hydrothermal Carbonization","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/4/730"}],"user_id":"74004","author":[{"id":"21018","full_name":"Fettig, Joachim Hans Otto","last_name":"Fettig","first_name":"Joachim Hans Otto"},{"first_name":"Ute","last_name":"Austermann-Haun","full_name":"Austermann-Haun, Ute","id":"40803"},{"first_name":"Jan-Felix","full_name":"Meier, Jan-Felix","last_name":"Meier"},{"last_name":"Busch","full_name":"Busch, Anna","id":"58686","first_name":"Anna"},{"full_name":"Gilbert, Eva","last_name":"Gilbert","first_name":"Eva"}],"publication_status":"published","article_number":"730","place":"Basel","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"MDPI","keyword":["HTC process water","post-treatment","refractory organics","activated carbon adsorption","ozonation"],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2073-4441"]},"citation":{"van":"Fettig JHO, Austermann-Haun U, Meier J-F, Busch A, Gilbert E. Options for Removing Refractory Organic Substances in Pre-Treated Process Water from Hydrothermal Carbonization. Water. 2019;11(4).","mla":"Fettig, Joachim Hans Otto, et al. “Options for Removing Refractory Organic Substances in Pre-Treated Process Water from Hydrothermal Carbonization.” <i>Water</i>, vol. 11, no. 4, 730, MDPI, 2019, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040730\">10.3390/w11040730</a>.","havard":"J.H.O. Fettig, U. Austermann-Haun, J.-F. Meier, A. Busch, E. Gilbert, Options for Removing Refractory Organic Substances in Pre-Treated Process Water from Hydrothermal Carbonization, Water. 11 (2019).","ieee":"J. H. O. Fettig, U. Austermann-Haun, J.-F. Meier, A. Busch, and E. Gilbert, “Options for Removing Refractory Organic Substances in Pre-Treated Process Water from Hydrothermal Carbonization,” <i>Water</i>, vol. 11, no. 4, 2019.","short":"J.H.O. Fettig, U. Austermann-Haun, J.-F. Meier, A. Busch, E. Gilbert, Water 11 (2019).","ufg":"<b>Fettig, Joachim Hans Otto et. al. (2019)</b>: Options for Removing Refractory Organic Substances in Pre-Treated Process Water from Hydrothermal Carbonization, in: <i>Water</i> <i>11</i> (<i>4</i>).","bjps":"<b>Fettig JHO <i>et al.</i></b> (2019) Options for Removing Refractory Organic Substances in Pre-Treated Process Water from Hydrothermal Carbonization. <i>Water</i> <b>11</b>.","apa":"Fettig, J. H. O., Austermann-Haun, U., Meier, J.-F., Busch, A., &#38; Gilbert, E. (2019). Options for Removing Refractory Organic Substances in Pre-Treated Process Water from Hydrothermal Carbonization. <i>Water</i>, <i>11</i>(4). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040730\">https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040730</a>","ama":"Fettig JHO, Austermann-Haun U, Meier J-F, Busch A, Gilbert E. Options for Removing Refractory Organic Substances in Pre-Treated Process Water from Hydrothermal Carbonization. <i>Water</i>. 2019;11(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040730\">10.3390/w11040730</a>","chicago":"Fettig, Joachim Hans Otto, Ute Austermann-Haun, Jan-Felix Meier, Anna Busch, and Eva Gilbert. “Options for Removing Refractory Organic Substances in Pre-Treated Process Water from Hydrothermal Carbonization.” <i>Water</i> 11, no. 4 (2019). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040730\">https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040730</a>.","din1505-2-1":"<span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Fettig, Joachim Hans Otto</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Austermann-Haun, Ute</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Meier, Jan-Felix</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Busch, Anna</span> ; <span style=\"font-variant:small-caps;\">Gilbert, Eva</span>: Options for Removing Refractory Organic Substances in Pre-Treated Process Water from Hydrothermal Carbonization. In: <i>Water</i> Bd. 11. Basel, MDPI (2019), Nr. 4","chicago-de":"Fettig, Joachim Hans Otto, Ute Austermann-Haun, Jan-Felix Meier, Anna Busch und Eva Gilbert. 2019. Options for Removing Refractory Organic Substances in Pre-Treated Process Water from Hydrothermal Carbonization. <i>Water</i> 11, Nr. 4. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040730,\">10.3390/w11040730,</a> ."},"issue":"4"}